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When considering the current-voltage behavior and thermal behavior in the short-term range and their effects on the long-term behavior of electrochemical energy storage systems, for example, effects have been shown that cannot be explained without an extended model concept. An energy storage system can only be optimally dimensioned, operated and simulated for the respective application by taking an interdisciplinary view that looks beyond the "end of one's nose".
Therefore, the systemic consideration of the respective energy storage technology in the corresponding environment plays an essential role, as there are always interactions between the individual technical systems. This applies, for example, to the mutual feedback of the behavior of a battery storage system via power electronics on the grid and vice versa. From a scientific point of view, the further development of battery models for highly dynamic use and the effects of large power gradients on the electrical and thermal behavior in general and on the service life of batteries in particular are therefore of great interest. The systemic limit analysis of energy storage systems in dynamic requirements focuses on the following fundamental scientific issues:
- Dynamic battery behavior under mixed and alternating current loads, here e.g. the effects of pulse-shaped loads on electrochemical storage (lithium plating during fast charging), battery aging
- Determination of the current density distribution / field calculation for transient loads in electrochemical systems and measures to improve the current density distribution in electrochemical systems
- Development of gentle and safe fast-charging processes
- Identification of damage using in-situ methods
- Ageing models (physical / chemical, event-based)
- Design of battery systems (similarities, differences and transferability when considering laboratory cells, cells, modules and systems)
- Interactions between energy storage and application (e.g. grid - inverter - battery storage)
- Active filtering of power fluctuations through multi-scale energy storage systems
- Comparison / evaluation of competing energy storage systems
The aim is to develop generally valid design procedures for the optimized operational management and state diagnosis of electrical short-term storage systems under electrically dynamic limit loads, taking into account the interactions with inverters, drives and supply networks. In addition to modeling, analytical considerations and, above all, service life investigations and forecasts, limit ranges of different battery types are also tested experimentally.